November 2010, Jadwiga Rytlowa/ translation Monika Kulińska
Chana and Shepsel Grynberg had two children, Icchak and Sara. Chana’s sister, Shoshana Rafałowicz, and her husband Pinchas were children and loved Grynbergs’ kids as their own. Before the World War II both couples owned mercer’s shops in Sokołów Podlaski which they ran together. Their frequent clients were Józef and Lucyna Fink. Józef was director of a primary school in nearby Czekanów. In time they all became good friends.
In the fall of 1940 the Nazis established ghetto in Sokołów. They brought Jews from Kalisz into it, since the latter town had been included into the Third Reich and no ghetto was organized there. Because of overcrowding, the Grynbergs gave their apartment to some Jews from Kalisz and moved in with the Rafałowicz family.
10/24/11
The stones in Treblinka
Na terenie byłego obozu zagłady w Treblince znajdują się kamienie z nazwami miejscowości, z których pochodzili Żydzi tutaj zamordowani. Sokołów ma dwa swoje kamienie. Dlaczego? Jak wyjaśnił mi kierownik Muzeum w Treblince, Edward Kopówka, podobno po wybudowaniu pomnika ocaleni sokołowscy Żydzi uznali, że "ich" kamień jest zbyt daleko od pomnika głównego. Dlatego poprosili o umieszczenie napisu "Sokołów Podlaski" na jednym z kamieni znajdującym się bliżej. Tak też się stało.
10/13/11
Rabbi Yakov Mendel Morgenstern
Yakov Mendel Morgenstern, son of the Sokolower rebbe, was the rabbi of the Great Synagogue in Węgrów. On erev Yom Kippur in 1939, just a few weeks after the Germans captured the town, SS officers invaded his home. Reports of what happened next differ slightly in details, but the tragic outcome is the same.
The SS officers dragged Rabbi Morgenstern to Market Square in the center of Węgrów and ordered him to undress. Then they gave him a broom and demanded that he gather the manure in the square (which was plentiful, as horse and buggy was the prevalent mode of transportation in Węgrów) and carry it to the town dump in his shtreiml [fur hat].
As the rabbi tried to do what he was told, he was stabbed with a bayonet. What happened next is not certain. Either the initial bayonet went into Rabbi Morgenstern's abdomen and he died immediately or he was tortured by several bayonet thrusts and died while he was working.
After Rabbi Morgenstern was murdered, the Great Synagogue in Węgrów was closed. It was destroyed by the Nazis.
The SS officers dragged Rabbi Morgenstern to Market Square in the center of Węgrów and ordered him to undress. Then they gave him a broom and demanded that he gather the manure in the square (which was plentiful, as horse and buggy was the prevalent mode of transportation in Węgrów) and carry it to the town dump in his shtreiml [fur hat].
As the rabbi tried to do what he was told, he was stabbed with a bayonet. What happened next is not certain. Either the initial bayonet went into Rabbi Morgenstern's abdomen and he died immediately or he was tortured by several bayonet thrusts and died while he was working.
After Rabbi Morgenstern was murdered, the Great Synagogue in Węgrów was closed. It was destroyed by the Nazis.
10/4/11
Out of the Past
We just returned from a trip to Poland, a trip to Sokolow Podlaski, a trip to the past. What past was it? It was my family’s memories past, the town’s past, Poland’s past. A trip to bridge the pain and losses of the past, a trip to find signs of and links to those we lost and those we never knew and a trip to look for signs of hope that the suspicions and hatreds and abuses of past times could be overcome and new bridges built.
My family had lived in Sokolow for generations. They were born there, grew up there, walked the city streets and countryside, made friends, got married, had normal lives. My father and mother were only in their early 20’s and were sweethearts when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. They were in the town when it was bombed, and they were there when the German army invaded Sokolow on September 10, 1939. Beatings and abuses of the Jews rapidly escalated and when my mother was attacked, she and my father decided they had to leave. During a short period when the Soviets pushed the Germans back, my father got a horse and buggy and took my mother, her sister, her sister’s fiancée, and their mother and fled across the Bug River to Drohiczyn, to Russian territory. His mother, his sister, and two brothers and aunts and uncles refused to leave reasoning, “How bad can it be? Where can we go? We know no-one in Soviet Russia. How would we live?”
My family had lived in Sokolow for generations. They were born there, grew up there, walked the city streets and countryside, made friends, got married, had normal lives. My father and mother were only in their early 20’s and were sweethearts when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. They were in the town when it was bombed, and they were there when the German army invaded Sokolow on September 10, 1939. Beatings and abuses of the Jews rapidly escalated and when my mother was attacked, she and my father decided they had to leave. During a short period when the Soviets pushed the Germans back, my father got a horse and buggy and took my mother, her sister, her sister’s fiancée, and their mother and fled across the Bug River to Drohiczyn, to Russian territory. His mother, his sister, and two brothers and aunts and uncles refused to leave reasoning, “How bad can it be? Where can we go? We know no-one in Soviet Russia. How would we live?”
9/27/11
Pictures from the Ceremony
Here you can find pictures from the Ceremony on September 22, 2011. We remember about the victims of the liquidation of the ghetto ...
Pamiętamy o ofiarach getta
Ambasador Izraela Zvi Rav-Ner, Naczelny Rabin Polski Michael Schudrich, harcerze na czele z komendantką Sokołowskiego Domu Harcerza Bożenną Hardej, władze miasta, uczniowie, nauczyciele i wychowawcy wzięli udział w uroczystości upamiętniającej likwidację sokołowskiego getta.
Jom Kippur to jedno z najważniejszych świąt żydowskich o charakterze pokutnym. Przez cały dzień w synagodze odbywają się nabożeństwa, podczas których wyznaje się swoje grzechy, wysławia boże miłosierdzie oraz wspomina zmarłych. 21 września 1942 roku święto Jom Kippur odbyło się w Sokołowie Podlaskim po raz ostatni. Następnego dnia rano getto zostało otoczone przez Niemców oraz pomagających im Ukraińców. 22 września rozpoczęła się eksterminacja ludności żydowskiej Sokołowa. W ciągu kilku następnych dni do obozu śmierci w Treblince wywieziono ok. 6 tysięcy osób. Prawdopodobnie wszyscy zginęli kilkanaście minut po przyjeździe. Tego dnia spotkaliśmy się, by wyrazić naszą pamięć o tamtych tragicznych wydarzeniach.
9/16/11
Uciekałem przed antysemityzmem
Kulturowo czuje się Polakiem, duchowo - Żydem, intelektualnie - Amerykaninem. Henryk Grynberg właśnie opublikował "Pamiętnik", w którym opisuje ponad 50 lat swego dorosłego życia: od matury w 1954 r., po dzień urodzin w 2010r.
"Nie ma wyobraźni, tylko pamięć. Jego literacką racją istnienia jest Holocaust. A właściwie nie Holocaust nawet, ale los jednej wielkiej rodziny spod Sokołowa na Podlasiu. Ani szczególnie bogatej, ani uzdolnionej, chociaż - jak to u Żydów - głowę ceniła wyżej niż ręce... Ta rodzina jest jego właściwym literackim źródłem i szkołą. Kiedy wyczerpał już wszystko, co spamiętał - a pamięta fenomenalnie! - albo usłyszał od matki, która jego i siebie ocaliła... jeździć gotów po kuzynach i znajomych, aby coś znowu dorzucić, uzupełnić, wytłumaczyć" - pisał o Grynbergu Jan Błoński ("Autoportret żydowski" w "Biedni Polacy patrzą na getto", Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2008). I rzeczywiście głównym tematem twórczości Henryka Grynberga pozostaje Holocaust. - Pisywałem też wiersze satyryczne - przyznaje Grynberg. - Przeważył jednak obowiązek pisania o przeszłości mojego narodu. Nie mogłem się od tego tematu oderwać. Nie były to zresztą jakieś świadome próby oderwania się. Temat Holocaustu okazał się najważniejszy, bo przecież nikt nie napisze tego co ja mogę napisać, w taki sposób, w jaki ja mogę to zrobić i o tym, co przeżyli inni ludzie podobni do mnie.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)